Dacron vs. ePTFE: Which is Best for Vascular Device Covers?

 When it comes to choosing materials for stents and other vascular devices, Dacron (Polyethylene terephthalate or PET) and ePTFE (expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene) each offer unique advantages and are suited to different applications. Here’s a quick comparison:

Dacron (PET)

🔹 Advantages:

1. Excellent mechanical strength

2. Porous structure for tissue ingrowth

3. Ideal for larger vessels (>10mm)

4. Easier to suture

🔹 Disadvantages:

1. Initial inflammation potential

2. Thrombosis, calcification, and chronic inflammation risks

3. Requires suturing, increasing cover thickness

ePTFE

🔹 Advantages:

1. Superior biocompatibility

2. Lower thrombogenicity

3. Porous for optimal tissue ingrowth

4. Controlled porosity through stretch forming

5. Suitable for smaller vessels (<6mm)

🔹 Disadvantages:

1. More challenging to suture

2. Higher cost

3. Some risk of intimal hyperplasia and calcification

Applications

1. Large-Diameter Vascular Grafts (>10mm): Dacron for its strength and durability.

2. Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts (<6mm): ePTFE for its lower thrombogenicity and better performance.

3. Aortic Replacement: Dacron for high pressure and flow stability.

4. Hemodialysis Access Grafts: ePTFE for lower infection rates and ease of needle puncture.

5. Heart Valve Sewing Rings: Dacron for excellent suture retention and tissue ingrowth.

6. Endovascular Stent Grafts: Often ePTFE for its low profile and conformability.

The choice between Dacron and ePTFE depends on the specific requirements of the medical application. Dacron is preferred for larger vessels and high-stress areas, while ePTFE is chosen for its biocompatibility and lower thrombogenicity in smaller vessels. Ongoing research continues to refine both materials, expanding their potential uses in the medical field.